Individual effects

Individual effects and individual linear trend

Statistic

Prob.

Obs.

Statistic

Prob.

Obs.

Null: unit root (assumes common unit root process)

Levin, Lin & Chu t

0.26

0.601

138

−7.96

0.000

300

Breitung t-stat

-

-

-

6.73

1.000

235

Null: unit root (assumes individual unit root process)

Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat

-

-

138

-

-

294

ADF—Fisher Chi-square

24.91

0.995

138

53.55

0.999

294

PP—Fisher Chi-square

47.21

0.423

138

104.97

0.297

294